Theme 1: Automotive |
Theme
2: Computer Modelling and Simulation |
Theme
3: Design and Optimization
Theme
4: Energy Conversion and Management |
Theme
5: Structure and Materials
Theme
6: Thermal and Fluids |
Theme
7: Vibration and Control
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Front Cover
PDF (2448 KB)
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Preface
Pages i-ii
PDF
(263 KB)
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Editorial Board
Pages iii
PDF
(115 KB)
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Reviewers
Pages iv
PDF
(155 KB)
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Table of Contents
Pages v-xii
PDF (276 KB)
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Theme 1: Automotive |
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01
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The effect of temperatures
and extraction time on bio oil extracted from banana peel
wastes.
Pages 1-2
H.A. Hamid, N.A.B. Masripan, M.F.B. Abdollah, R. Hasan, G.
Omar
PDF
(420 KB)
Abstract
Bio
oil extracted from various part of edible and non-edible
plants offer several potential applications such as a
biodegradable lubricant.
In this study, banana peels which known as waste and
often ignored was subjected to solven extraction via
soxhlet method.
Moreover, the extraction of oil from banana peels
wastes of
Musa
aluminata balbisiana
(MBS)
was performed and optimized.
The effects of temperatures and extraction time were
investigated in order to optimize the extraction conditions
for achieving maximum oil obtained.
The optimum conditions using
n-hexane as a
solvent of extractor was found at the temperatures of 68°C
and 7 hours of reaction times whereby the extraction
recovery was 62.42% with 3.6 mL of oil obtained.
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02
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Field test of regenerative
suspension system on an actual vehicle.
Pages 3-4
J.F. Jamil, M.A. Abdullah, A.E. Mohan
PDF
(213 KB)
Abstract
The technology of hybrid and electric vehicle are rapidly
developed in the past few years because the main resource of
vehicle energy is not renewable which is known as fossil
fuel. It will be depleted in the future. This research
emphasizes the test of the energy regenerative suspension
system (EReSS) that uses as the alternative energy resource
for the vehicle. It can be used on the vehicle as it can
produce voltage output for charging the vehicle battery or
other electronic components. The EReSS is attached to the
stock vehicle suspension system and the test is done on a
road with low traffic situation with various conditions. The
voltage produced by the EReSS is maximized by optimizing the
resistor in the circuit of half bridge which converts the
alternate current (AC) to direct current (DC). The maximum
voltage produced by the EReSS during the test is recorded
and discussed.
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03
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The improvement and laboratory
testing of regenerative suspension system.
Pages 5-6
A.E. Mohan, M.A. Abdullah, J.F. Jamil
PDF
(220 KB)
Abstract
This study reports on the investigation of the
stress conditions of the U-bend 316L stainless steel through
the cold mechanical process, starting with cold rolling of 0
up to 50% reduction in thickness and then, bending. The
stress conditions; such as applied and residual stresses of
the U-bend steel were obtained experimentally from the
bending stress-strain curves and resulted curvature. It was
found that the applied and residual stress has a higher
value in the steel with a 30% cold reduction, which was
about 257 MPa and 240 MPa, respectively.
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04
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Performance
of compressed natural gas (CNG) engine with pre chamber.
Pages 7-8
M.S. Ali, M.T. Musthafah, A.M. Mohd Shafei, A.M.T.
Khairil, N.F.M. Nor, R.A. Bakar
PDF
(390 KB)
Abstract
Pre chamber is use to extend lean
limit of mixture and improve combustion efficiency. Pre
chamber used in this study was pre chamber without auxiliary
fuel. Then, this pre chamber was applied to single cylinder
compressed natural gas engine. The effects of pre chamber on
CNG performance are increase in power and torque starting at
engine speed 3000 rpm. However, disadvantage by the pre
chamber had been discovered on the brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC). It caused the BSFC by CNG was higher
than a CNG without pre chamber.
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05
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Validation of
automotive passive engine mount system.
Pages 9-10
M. Hafiz Harun, M.Z. Sariman, A.K. Mat Yamin, R. Yunos, M.A. Azhari, F.
Ahmad
PDF
(495 KB)
Abstract
Engine mount has been designed to improve the
engine vibration by providing unwanted vibration isolation
from engine to the driver. There are three types of engine
mount systems which consist of passive, semi-active and
active engine mount system. This study emphasizes on the
validation of mathematical equation derived from Newton
Second Law of Motion with real time experiment. The engine
mount characteristic generated using a 3-degree of freedom
(DOF) mathematical modelling simulated in Matlab Simulink
software. Finally, the mathematical model was verified by
using experimental approach. The result from the experiment
and simulation shows that the model is enables to generate
the similar response as in the experimental result.
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06
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Optimization
of friction coefficient of kenaf/epoxy composites as an
alternative friction material using Taguchi method.
Pages 11-12
A. Mustafa, M.F.B. Abdollah, H. Amiruddin, F.F. Shuhimi,
N.A.M. Tahir, N. Muhammad, S.E. Mat Kamal, N. Ismail
PDF (573 KB)
Abstract
This paper introduces the application of Taguchi
optimization methodology in optimizing the design factors
for obtaining high friction coefficient of kenaf/epoxy
composites under dry sliding condition. An orthogonal array
of the Taguchi method was set-up and used to analyse the
effect of the design parameters on the friction coefficient.
Tribological testing was conducted using a pin-on-disc
tribometer. For the highest friction coefficient, 45wt.%
non-treated kenaf fiber sliding at 19.62N, 500rpm and 100oC
is found to be the optimized combination of levels of all
the six control factors. The confirmation test proves that
the optimized friction coefficient is within the range of
friction coefficient of conventional friction material.
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07
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Application
of waste chicken fat in base catalyzed (potassium hydroxide)
biodiesel production.
Pages 13-14
N.H. Razak, M.I.A.K.M. Safari, H.A. Merican, F. Ghafar,
N.I. Zulkafli
PDF (562 KB)
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the
effect of temperature, catalyst ratio and methanol ratio on
biodiesel yield from waste chicken fat. The optimum yield
were 95.4% with 0.006 w/w catalyst and 0.3 w/w alcohol at
50°C. The product density was 873.4 kg/m3, the iodine value,
117 g I/100g and the acid value, 0.561 mg KOH/g. The
compositions of fatty acids were 0.22% of methyl laurate,
19.98% of methyl palmitate, 41.08% of methyl stearate and
0.17% of methyl linoleate. Consequently, the biodiesel
obtained under these conditions had characteristics very
similar to those described in the ASTM standards.
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08
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Brake
insulator analysis in reducing internal brake squeal noise
.
Pages 15-16
M.A. Abdullah, A.R. Efariani
PDF (325 KB)
Abstract
Brake functions when two different materials are in
contact to reduce a motion. Due to surface irregularity,
this contact at high revolution and contact force produce
irritating noise called brake squeal noise. This paper
presents the study of introducing brake insulator into the
brake assembly in order to reduce the noise. Different
configurations of insulators are used in the Finite Element
Analysis (FEA). The squeal is shown by positive real part of
the baseline graph. The accompanied slip rate in the
baseline model of the insulator increases the brake squeal
noise significantly.
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09
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Influence of
tire stiffness and sprung mass on ride quality.
Pages 17-18
A. Md Saad, M.A. Salim, M.H. Harun, M.R. Mansor, M.Z.
Akop, M.T. Musthafah
PDF (610 KB)
Abstract
Automobile ride quality is a vehicle characteristic of great
importance. It is a factor that consumer is very sensitive
to, and which can have a profound influence on passenger
comfort. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
effects of tire stiffness and sprung mass on ride quality.
Numerical simulation is used by representing ideal physical
of vehicle quarter car model into Bond Graph. By lowering
tire stiffness, it reduces the worst frequency response due
to external force but the natural frequency of the system
remains the same. However, by increasing the sprung mass, it
reduces the natural frequency of the system but the worst
frequency due to external forces is comparably same.
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10
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Driving
behaviour analysis of young vehicle drivers.
Pages 19-20
M.A. Abdullah, M.A.H. Abdul Rahim
PDF (255 KB)
Abstract
Different driver carries different driving
behaviour and style. The most dangerous behaviour is the
aggressive behavior, normally for young drivers. This
behaviour can cause danger to the driver and other people.
The driving behaviour can be detected from the way they
control the vehicle during cornering, through uneven road
and during accelerating and decelerating. How they handle
the vehicle can be seen from the values of roll, pitch and
yaw moments and x, y, z accelerations. The driving behaviour
can be identified and classified according to the data
collected. Usually at a higher value of moments and
accelerations, the vehicle was controlled by the driver with
quite aggressive driving style. In this paper, a number of
young vehicle drivers are selected to perform driving test.
From the test data, they will be classified based on the
range of values.
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11
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Effect of
hydrogen injection on diesel engine performance intake:
Preliminary result.
Pages 21-22
M.N.M. Norani, B.T. Tee, M.Z. Zulfattah, M.N.A. Saadun,
A. Hussain, M.N. Mansor
PDF (284 KB)
Abstract
In automotive industry, diesel engine knows as a
compression ignition engine plus was a better performance
compared to gasoline engines. However, it contributes to
environmental problem by causing global emission. In order
to reduce the emission, hydrogen injection has been
introduced on diesel performance intake. Thus, this research
was about analyzed the effect of hydrogen gas inside the
intake of a single cylinder diesel engine. Two conditions
with and without hydrogen will be analyzed by comparing the
diesel fuel consumption on different rotational speed of the
crankshaft. Based on the preliminary result, hydrogen
injection to the diesel engine can saved the fuel up to
16.82% from 200RPM until 2000RPM.
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12
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Influence of transient response on suspension
damping.
Pages
23-24
A. Md Saad, M.A. Salim, M.H. Harun, M.R. Mansor, M.Z. Akop,
M.T. Musthafah
PDF (590 KB)
Abstract
Suspension system is one the most important components that
affects overall performance of a vehicle. Determination of
proper suspension damping is crucial to improve ride
quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
effects of transient response on suspension damping.
Numerical simulation is used by representing ideal physical
of vehicle quarter car model into Bond Graph. By lowering
suspension damping, it reduces magnitude of rapid
acceleration of the vehicle when it hits a bump. But, it
takes longer time for the response to die out. However, by
increasing the suspension damping, it increases magnitude of
rapid acceleration significantly.
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13
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Experimental Investigation of
engine performance and emission for biodiesel at various
storage conditions. Pages
25-26
N. Tamaldin, A.S. Mohamad, Y. Humairak , M.H.M. Husin,
M.F.B. Abdollah
PDF (153 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the
engine performance of high blending biodiesel. Biodiesel
palm oil will be used as the main blending material. The
types of biodiesel for this study are B7x, B8x and B9x. All
biodiesel were blended and stored at three different storage
conditions. Based on the best properties, one type of
biodiesel is chosen to be tested to get the engine
performance. Results, performance by using biodiesel B7x is
slightly decreasing about 2-8% less of engine horse power
and 4-10% less in torque. Biodiesel B7x can perform
satisfactorily during diesel engine.
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14
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Effect of storage duration on
the fuel properties of different biodiesel blends.
Pages
27-28
N. Tamaldin, F. Harun,
Y. Humairak, M.H.M. Husin, M.F.B. Abdollah
PDF (291 KB)
Abstract
In this paper, the impacts of biodiesel properties
are identified according to the storage condition and weight
percentage of the fuel in a period of time. The samples used
are standard diesel (STD), B7x, B8x and B9x were stored for
5 weeks. There are three fuel properties being tested which
are flash point, density and water content. All experiment
carried out are according to respective ASTM standard. The
properties changes of biodiesel were not significant
throughout five weeks’ time due to the short time of storage
except for water content.
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15
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The effect of increasing current to temperature of
alternator.
Pages
29-30
R.K. Mazlan, R.M. Dan, M.Z. Zulfattah, A.H.A. Hamid
PDF (288 KB)
Abstract
Alternator is a major component in the charging system.
Alternator act as main power source, providing current to
power the electrical component in a vehicle. As more power
demand, the more current is produced, and the more heat is
generated. This heat has contributed an increase of under
hood ambient temperature. An experiment has been done to
investigate how the current and heat relate to each other.
The car used is Proton Preve 1.6L Manual. The alternator has
a rating of 12V/90A. The result shows that temperature.
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16
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Experimental study of noise level for car engines. Pages
31-32
M.R. Rizainal, M.A. Salim, A. Md Saad, M.R. Mansor, M.Z.
Akop, M.T. Musthafah, I.R.A. Rosszainily
PDF (281 KB)
Abstract
In all driving conditions, engine will continuously generate
unwanted noise and vibration. Excessive noise may cause
discomfort to the driver and passengers. The purpose of this
study is to investigate engine noise in two different engine
operating conditions; engine loading and unloading. Simple
approach is used to examine the noise level which is by
using sound intensity probe that is integrated to a
software. Test has been carried at different engine speed
for both engine operating conditions; loading and unloading.
Results show that noise level is higher when engine in
loading condition.
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Theme 2: Computer Modelling and Simulation |
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17
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Influence of halo and
source/drain implant variations on the drive current in
p-channel vertical double gate MOSFET.
Pages
33-34
K.E. Kaharudin, F. Salehuddin, A.S.M. Zain, M.N.I A. Aziz
PDF (381 KB)
Abstract
This paper describes an investigation on the influence of
process parameters such as Halo and Source/Drain (S/D)
implantation on drive current (ION) in p-channel
vertical DG-MOSFET device was done by utilizing L9
orthogonal array Taguchi method. The level of significance
for each process parameters on ION were
determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The
virtual fabrication and electrical characterization of the
device were performed by using a process simulator (ATHENA)
and a device simulator (ATLAS) respectively. This procedure
was followed by Taguchi modeling to aid in optimizing the
process parameters variation towards ION. Based
on the final results, the most dominant factor that
affecting ION value was found to be S/D implant
energy with 99% of factor effects on signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR). Meanwhile, the highest possible ION value
was found to be 323.2 mA/µm.
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18
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Comparison of flow analysis between flat and ring
plastic parts using moldflow software.
Pages
35-36
Mohd Amran Md Ali,
Mohd Faizal Khalik, Mariam Md Ghazaly, Zulkeflee Abdullah
PDF (224 KB)
Abstract
The flat and ring plastic part were designed using Solidwoks
software to produce solid parts. Then the solid parts were
imported in Autodesk Moldflow Insight (AMI) to analyze
warpage deflection, fill time and weldline for both parts.
Simulation result shows that the deflection for the flat
plastic part is higher than the ring plastic part by
0.1466mm due to the bigger of volume and contact surface
area for the flat plastic part. Meanwhile, fill time shows
that the ring plastic part is longer 0.0458s then the flat
plastic part due to the reduction of flow area. Finally,
ring plastic part obviously shows weldline mark at flow
front area however no weldline is observed at flat plastic
part surface.
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19
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Study of thinning effect from deep drawing process
on crash analysis.
Pages
37-38
R.M. Amman, M.F. Halim, D.
Sivakumar, I. Abu-Shah, M.S. Sulaiman, H. Samekto
PDF (310 KB)
Abstract
This study presents the effect of thinning on crash analysis
results of a circular cup shape formed from deep drawing
process. Forming and crash simulation of a circular cup was
performed using Explicit Radioss code simulation solver.
Circular cup shape formed from deep drawing with and without
thickness effect was used to conduct explicit dynamic crash
simulation. The effect of material thickness change from
stamping process was studied. It was found that thinning
effect from stamping causes the structural part to have a
weaker crash response.
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20
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Design, simulation and analysis of disc rotor using
anycasting software.
Pages
39-40
N.F.B.W. Anuar, N.
Jani, M.R.M. Kamal
PDF (455 KB)
Abstract
This project describes about the design and simulation of
disc rotor in sand casting by using AnyCasting software. The
analysis of this study is filling time, solidification time
and defects on the three mold designs. The selected design
in this study is design 2 referring the present defect that
happened on the riser part. The filling time for design 2 is
7.6648 seconds and solidification time is 1452.6 seconds.
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21
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Linear and nonlinear dynamic model of a gantry crane
system.
Pages
41-42
H.I. Jaafar, Z.
Mohamed, M.A. Ahmad, R. Ghazali, A.M. Kassim
PDF (595 KB)
Abstract
This paper investigates linear and nonlinear dynamic models
for a Gantry Crane System (GCS). The system is a Single
Input Multi Output (SIMO) system which a trolley
displacement and payload oscillation as the outputs. The GCS
is modeled by using the Lagrange Equation and both system
responses are observed and analysed. The fundamental
differences between the linear and nonlinear equations are
presented. This analysis is beneficial for the development
of efficient controllers for a GCS.
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22
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Finite Element Modelling of microscale and
macroscale on deformation of composite material.
Pages
43-45
Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad, Reduan Mat
Dan, M.I. Shariff, Tan Joon Tak
PDF (432 KB)
Abstract
Performance prediction is an important aspect in confirming
the correct design specification of composite materials.
Finite Element Modelling (FEM) approach enables to calculate
stress and strain components of a structure for more
realistic strength predictions. In this study numerical
simulation is perform using FEM method to simulate composite
materials through tensile test at micro and macro level. The
geometric for tensile test were according to ASTM D3039 for
GFRP and CFRP. Micromodelling of composites were simulated
based on theory of Representative Volume Element (RVE). It
is found that RVE able to predict deformation and mechanical
properties extraction of composite in unidirectional.
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23
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Performance analysis of neural network models for
sustainable manufacturing practices (SMP) and economy
performances.
Pages
46-47
N.H. Abu, A.S.M. Jaya, M.R. Muhamad
PDF (252 KB)
Abstract
This study presents a development of neural network model
based on the single hidden layer with 10, 12 and 15 neurons
in the hidden layer. 150 data of sustainable manufacturing
practices (SMP) were divided into 70% for training (104
data), 15% for validation (23 data) and 15% for testing (23
data). Two performance measures are used to validate the
model which is mean square error (MSE) and R valued. It
shows that neural network model with 10 neurons in hidden
layer give better performance and can be used to predict the
target output of sustainability performance.
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Theme 3: Design and Optimization |
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24
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Multiobjective optimization of injection moulding process
parameters using Grey Fuzzy method.
Pages
48-49
Mohd Amran Md Ali, Noorfa Idayu Mohd Ali, Mariam Md Ghazaly,
Zulkeflee Abdullah, Suhaila Yacob
PDF (459 KB)
Abstract
Grey fuzzy method is used to find the multiobjective
optimization of injection moulding process parameters.
Various responses results are calculated by GRA for getting
grey relational coefficients. Then values are used as input
in MATLAB software by using FIS. It is found that optimum
parameters for deflection, volumetric shrinkage, and
residual stress are mould temperature at level 1, melt
temperature at level 3, injection time at level 1 and
cooling time at level 1.
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25
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Force optimization of the permanent magnet switching
flux (PMSF) and switching reluctance (SR) actuators using
Finite Element Analysis
Pages
50-51
I. Yusri, M.M. Ghazaly, E.A.
Alandoli, M.F. Rahmat, Z. Abdullah, M.A. Md Ali, R. Ranom
PDF (276 KB)
Abstract
This paper addresses the force optimization of a rotary
motion type of electromagnetic actuator that compares two
types of motor; i.e. the permanent magnet switching flux
(PMSF) motor and the switching reluctance (SR) motor. The
force optimization is accomplished by manipulating the
actuator parameters using Finite Element Analysis (FEM). The
best result was achieved by the permanent magnet switching
flux (PMSF) actuator compared to the switching reluctance
actuator (SR); i.e. 4.367 kN when the initial parameters are
varied with the excitation current 2A.
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26
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Force optimizations of a
tubular linear reluctance actuator (TLRA) and tubular linear
permanent magnet actuator with Halbach array (TLPM).
Pages
52-53
A.H. Jamaludin, M.M. Ghazaly, T.A. Yahya, A.C. Amran, Z. Abdullah,
M.A.M. Ali, N.M. Ali
PDF (443 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents a characterizing study of two novel
electromagnetic actuators i.e. Tubular Linear Reluctance
Actuator (TLRA) and Tubular Linear Permanent Magnet Actuator
with Halbach array (TLPM). The study concentrated on the
varying parameter i.e. the number of winding turns and the
air gaps. The simulation of 3D FEM analysis is used to show
the differences between two designs in force and the effects
of parameters variations.
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27
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Development of a RFID
inter-office document’s delivery system via mobile robot.
Pages
54-55
M.M.
Ghazaly, K.Y. Soo, Z. Abdullah, M.R. Yaacob, C.C. Ho, C.Y.
Ng
PDF (450 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient method of a mobile robot
navigation system in an indoor environment. The mobile robot
able to reduce heavy lifting and the repetitive tasks by
workers. However, the navigation of robot in an indoor
environment is a challenging task due to the requirement to
avoid obstacle when in motion. Therefore in this paper, the
design and develop of a mobile robot for an inter-office
environment using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag
is discussed. The motions of the mobile robot are validated
using several the trajectory patterns. In addition, the
mobile robot is able to avoid obstacles.
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28
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Optimization using L9 Taguchi method toward threshold
voltage of 18nm gate length SOI p-channel MOSFET.
Pages
56-57
M.N.I.A. Aziz, F. Salehuddin,
A.S.M. Zain, K.E. Kaharuddin, A.R. Hanim, H. Hazura, S.K.
Idris
PDF (170 KB)
Abstract
Silicon on insulator (SOI) technology is proven to
effectively counter the short channel effect. In this paper,
the characterization of 18nm Gate Length of SOI p-channel
MOSFET has been studied according to the latest prediction
of the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor
(ITRS). The optimization approach is mainly focused on the
threshold voltage (VTH) of device through L9
Taguchi method. There are four process parameters were
varied into three different levels in order to conduct nine
set of experiments. At the end of the experiments, the best
setting of the process parameters that have been predicted
by Taguchi method were used for verification. The result
shows VTH after optimization approaches is closer
to the nominal value (-0.533V), which is well within the
ITRS 2013 specifications.
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29
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Structural design and
analysis of autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) for parts
supply.
Pages
58-59
Mohd Suffian Ab Razak, Khairul Hazwan Mohd Rasit, Nur
Rashid Mat Nuri, M.Z.A Rashid
PDF (606 KB)
Abstract
The world economic growth rapidly and becomes very
competitive. AGV is introduced to support the supply system,
however the initial investment is very high and it cannot
convince a certain company to invest such amount of money
for the system. In this project, the focus research is more
on a low cost, lightweight AGV development. Lightweight
design leads to less energy consume to carry its body. The
purpose of this study is design an AGV that to be used in
parts supply using polyboxes. The structural strength
analyses are performed through computer aided engineering
(CAE) simulation.
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30
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Design strategy for concept design of hybrid
bio-composite automotive anti-roll bar using TRIZ.
Pages
60-61
M.T. Mastura, S.M. Sapuan,
M.R. Mansor, A.A. Nuraini
PDF (541 KB)
Abstract
In this study, development of concept design of hybrid
bio-composite automotive anti-roll bar (ARB) has been
performed using TRIZ as its design strategy. Using
Contradiction Matrix and 40 Inventive Principles, TRIZ
suggested the concept design of the automotive ARB could
consist of ribs for the reinforcement and multi diameter of
ARB’s arms in order to reduce weight. The new design
improved the stiffness by reduces the maximum displacement
by 22.5%. Thus, TRIZ has suggested a new concept design that
could satisfy the properties of the materials without
affecting its functions and performance.
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31
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Development of a rotary axis mechanism for wire EDM
turning (WEDT).
Pages
62-63
M. Akmal, R. Izamshah, M.S.
Kasim, M. Hadzley, M. Amran, A. Ramli
PDF (336 KB)
Abstract
Wire electro discharge turning (WEDT) is a non- conventional
machining process that takes advantage of electrical
discharge machining (EDM) sparking phenomenon assisted by
rotary axis. Incorporating the additional axis increase the
wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) capability for
machining hardened and intricate cylindrical parts
especially when conventional machining have failed to
perform. This research emphasizes on the development of
additional rotary axis mechanism in WEDT as well as
evaluation for machining capabilities in blending of macro-
micro feasible dimension and shapes.
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32
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Optimal PID sliding surface for sliding mode control
based on particle swarm optimization algorithm for an
electro-hydraulic actuator system.
Pages
64-65
C.C. Soon, R. Ghazali, H.I.
Jaafar, S.Y.S Hussien
PDF (472 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents the assessment on the sliding mode
control (SMC) integrated with
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) sliding surface which
is optimized through particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm. The control scheme is established from the
derived dynamic equation which stability is proven through
Lyapunov theorem. In the evaluation of PID sliding surface,
conventional Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) tuning method has been
utilized to obtain the controller parameters and compared
with the optimized controller parameters through PSO
algorithm which is employed to the electro-hydraulic
actuator (EHA) system to evaluate its positioning tracking
performances. From the obtained simulation results, it can
be concluded that the PSO tuning algorithm outperform the
conventional ZN tuning method.
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33
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Experimental analysis of 3D gantry crane system via
optimal PID and PD controller by PSO.
Pages
66-68
S.Y.S. Hussien, R. Ghazali,
H.I. Jaafar, C.C. Soon
PDF (559 KB)
Abstract
A 3D INTECO gantry crane system is used for lifting and
moving loads horizontally, lowering and releasing the
gripper to the original position. There are two main
problems which occurred in the system which are positioning
the desired position and minimize the payload oscillation.
In order to overcome this problem, a controller is
implemented. In this paper, a control strategy of PID and PD
controller tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is
presented. PID controller is used to control the trolley
movement to reach at the precise desired position and PD
controller is used to control the undesired oscillation from
the payload while moving the load. The results shown that
through the experimental platform, the trolley reached the
desired position with low payload oscillation.
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34
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Strength and porosity of additively manufactured PLA
using a low cost 3D printing.
Pages
69-70
H.A. Habeeb,
M.R. Alkahari,
F.R. Ramli, R. Hasan, S. Maidin
PDF (437 KB)
Abstract
Nowadays, with rapid advancement in 3D printing, a
relatively low cost 3D for polymer based printers using an
open-source self-replicating prototype has increasingly been
used in many applications. The printer variants can
fabricate any complex parts. In this study, the tensile
strength and porosity of PLA and its utilization in 3D
printing for standard usage of low cost 3D printers using
open-source has been investigated. It was found that, the
parts printed from a low cost 3D printer produce relatively
acceptable tensile strength and porosity as those from
mid-range commercial manufacturer.
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35
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Body to ground improvement at trim and form machine
in end-of-line process.
Pages
71-72
M.A. Nazan, F.R. Ramli, M.R.
Alkahari, M.N. Sudin, M.A. Abdullah
PDF (477 KB)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to minimize the warp
deformation that usually occurs in plastic part produced by
open source 3D printer. The process involved 3D solid
modeling design, 3D printing with coated adhesive applied on
the printing platform, warping deformation measurement and
statistical analysis. The optimization processes involved
Design on Experiment (DOE) technique where Responses Surface
Methodology (RSM) by using Minitab software was applied. The
experiment produced the minimum result of warping
deformation value when layer temperature, infill density,
first layer height and other layer height is 192°C, 13%,
0.20mm and 0.30mm respectively.
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36
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Dimensional inspection of 3D laser scanner,
coordinate measuring machine and image processing.
Pages
73-74
M.K. Sued, M.Z. Mohd Noh, M.F. Dimin
PDF (299 KB)
Abstract
Measurement can be conducted either using contact or
non-contact methods. Production components can be small,
soft and fragile. Therefore a non-contact method such as 3D
laser scanner is preferred due to no contact force and not
affecting production time. This makes the technology
tempting and has been widespread used by industries due to
reverse engineering capability. However, the accuracy of the
measurement is dependent on the quality of the digitization.
Therefore, this study is to report dimensional measurement
comparison between 3D laser scanner with a coordinate
measuring machine (CMM) and image processing. The errors are
calculated and the best measurement method is proposed. It
is found that contact method using CMM produced the least
error.
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Theme 4: Energy Conversion and Management |
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37
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Studying air flow distribution in a tray dryer
through CFD simulation.
Pages
75-76
S. Misha, S. Mat, M.H. Ruslan, E.
Salleh, K. Sopian
PDF (307 KB)
Abstract
Application of tray dryer is widely used in agricultural
drying because of its simple design and capability to dry
products at high volume. However, the greatest drawback of
the tray dryer is uneven drying because of poor airflow
distribution in the drying chamber. Implementing the proper
design of a tray dryer system may eliminate or reduce
non-uniformity of drying and improves drying performance.
This study investigates kenaf core drying uniformity in a
tray dryer through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
simulation. The result shows that, the higher the average
air velocity above the product, the higher the drying rate.
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38
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Evaluation of impact based energy harvesting using a
piezoelectric ceramic disc.
Pages
77-78
Ali Mohammed abdal-Kadhim, Kok
Swee Leong
PDF (267 KB)
Abstract
This paper reports an impact based energy harvesting using a
piezoelectric ceramic disc, whereby a useful electrical
power is generated via the impact of the human weight on the
piezoelectric plate transducer. A prototyping of a single
human step piezoelectric plate based impact harvester
consisting of a piezoelectric transducer was tested on a
hydraulic pressing machine with variable forces and impact
velocity. In this experiment a piezoelectric ceramic disc
with a size of pallet 44mm in diameter and 10mm in thickness
was able to generate an average output power of up to 14.5μW
across a resistive load of 500KΩ when a force of 0.75 kN of
force with a velocity of 600mm/min is applied on it.
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39
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Performance analysis of
portable power generator by using TEG module.
Pages
79-80
Siti Halma Johari, Mohd Faiz Che
Pa, Khalil Azha Mohd Annuar, Suziana Ahmad, Madiha Zahari
PDF (356 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents the development of portable
thermoelectric power generator by using heat as a main
source. The aimed groups of this project are hikers and
campers those need a portable power generator that can
charge their small electronic gadgets while doing their
activity. The generation of electricity is based on the
Seebeck Effect of Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) module. The
developed power generator is consisting of TEG module,
heatsink and boost converter. The hot side of the TEG module
was mounted on an opposite of the heat source. Then, the
heatsink is installed on the cold side of the module with a
cooling fans to provide a forced air cooling. Boost
converters are used to step up and constant the output
voltage from TEG module. Result from the experiment shows
that the power generator can produce constant output voltage
of 5V and the handphone was successfully charged. This
portable power generator can be an alternative power supply
while the power source cannot be reached.
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40
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Peltier and seebeck efficacy
of hot and cold air system for portable O-REF (oven &
refrigerator) application.
Pages
81-82
M.H. Harun, K.A.M. Annuar,
M.F.M.A. Halim, M.H.C. Hasan, M.S.M. Aras, M.F. Yaakub
PDF (327 KB)
Abstract
The main motivation in using Peltier Module is due to the
uniqueness of producing hot and cold air at the same time
besides able to generate electricity using Seebeck Effect.
The generating system theoretically can recycle the heat
loss to produce additional electricity for other usage. The
efficacy of this system tested using two types of
experimental using Peltier and Seebeck Effect. Both
experimental is conducted using 3 specific volumes; 1)
1000cm3; 2) 4000cm3; and 3) 9000cm3. As a result,
temperature for heating and cooling systems achieve around
14 – 56oC while the voltage generated around 12V in 50
minutes.
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41
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Potential co-processing of coconut shell and
sugarcane residue as a solid biofuel.
Pages
83-84
Nona Merry M. Mitan, Mohd Nur
Shafiq Ahmad Razimi
PDF (285 KB)
Abstract
This research reported co-processing of coconut shell and
sugarcane residue as a solid biofuel by briquetting process.
The aim of the current research is to determine the optimum
ratio between coconut shell and sugarcane residue for
briquetting. Various ratios of coconut shell to sugarcane
are 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 by weight. The briquettes were formed into
cylindrical shapes. The carbonization process took place at
370 ̊C. Proximate analysis, compressive test and theoretical
heating value are observed on the produced briquette. The
results indicated that C 1:5 briquette has the lowest
moisture content and highest theoretical heating value.
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42
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Application of limestone as
based catalyst in transesterification of rubber seed oil in
biodiesel production.
Pages
85-86
M.M.Zamberi, I.A.K.M. Safari,
N.H. Razak, F.N. Ani, M.F.B. Abdollah
PDF (404 KB)
Abstract
This paper investigates various approaches for automated
inspection of gluing process using shape-based matching
application. A new supervised defect detection approach to
detect gap defect, bumper defect and bubble defect in gluing
application is proposed. The creation of region of interest
for important region of the object is further explained. The
Correlation algorithm to determine better image processing
result using template matching techniques is also proposed.
This technique does not only reduce execution time, but also
produce high accuracy in defect detection rate. The
recognition efficiency will achieve more than 95% with
defect’s data for further process.
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43
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Energy audit and analysis in UTeM: Library .
Pages
87-89
A.N. Nasaruddin, M.Z. Akop,
M.A. Salim, M.R. Mansor, M.T. Musthafah, M. Adrinata
PDF (185 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents the study on auditing energy
consumption at UTeM’s main library. By investigating the
building energy profile such as analysing previous utilities
bill, using instrument and calculation using major energy
consumption equation such as cooling load equation and
sub-meter reading. The detail on part to be audit will give
a perspective for what and how the energy audit will be
performed. At the end of this paper is the recommendation
for energy conservation step that can be implemented based
on suggestion by the Energy Commission policies and
Malaysian Standard along with the visitation to the case
studies site. The result shows that that the maximum power
consumption per day is 2141.35 kWh and the minimum is
1912.28 kWh. .
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44
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Separate analysis of wind speed and direction for
Mersing, Malaysia.
Pages
90-91
N. Sanusi, A. Zaharim, S.
Mat
PDF (425 KB)
Abstract
This research is conducted purposely to study the effect of
wind speed and wind direction in generating wind power.
Although the scope is extensive, but this paper will only
discuss on the density probability distribution, numerical
and graphical presentation of both. A Weibull and finite
mixture model of von Mises distribution is used in this
paper to represent data of Mersing (Malaysia). The
suitability of the distributions was examined by the
coefficient determination of R2. The analysis reveals that
the selected models fit with the data.
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45
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Study of breakdown behaviour
of ester oil with suspended cellulose particles under direct
current voltage.
Pages
92-93
M.H.S. Zainoddin, H. Zainuddin,
A. Aman
PDF (184 KB)
Abstract
Nowadays, ester oil has become a potential replacement for
mineral oil due to biodegradable and renewable factors. Due
to the increasing demand for High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) system to meet the energy requirement, further
studies on the performance of ester oil under Direct Current
(DC) electric field is sensible. For an HVDC system, a
phenomenon called dielectrophoresis (DEP) may occur if the
oil-filled equipment such as the HVDC converter transformer
is contaminated with suspended solid particles. This paper
investigates the breakdown behavior of ester oil with the
presence of DEP phenomenon under non-uniform DC electric
field.
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46
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Optimized guiding vane for propeller turbine.
Pages
94-95
J. Ab Razak, M. Musa, M.F.
Abdul Razak
PDF (352 KB)
Abstract
Small scale hydro turbine is used for off-grid villages near
the river. Pico hydro is usually selected for this purpose.
One the efficiency criteria for this turbine is the velocity
of water intake to the blade. The water enters the propeller
turbine via the guide vane. Several parameters of the guide
vane, which include number of guide vanes, and attack, inlet
and outlet angles, are simulated in computer fluid dynamic
(CFD) software. The optimized guide vane is further tested
with varied flow rate. The simulation result shows a
significant increase of water velocity intake to the blades.
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47
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A study on the potential of Peltier in generating
electricity using heat loss at engine system.
Pages 96-97
N.M.H. Shalsam, M.H. Harun,
M.S. Yahaya, K.A.M. Annuar, M.F.M.A. Halim, M.H.C. Hasan,
M.F. Yaakub
PDF (314 KB)
Abstract
In the era of globalisation, the electrical energy usage is
the main priority in order to do our job and daily activity.
Unfortunately, limited power supply for the electrical
energy usage makes it hard to continuously provide
electrical energy for 24 hours. By using Peltier device, it
is possible to develop a portable generating system using
heat loss in machines and vehicles. The generating system
theoretically can recycle the heat loss to produce
additional electricity for other usage. Generally, the
objective of the generating system is to study on the
potential of Peltier device to generate useful electricity
for additional power supply using heat loss. This generating
system can be applied on many types of machines and other
type of mechanism such as vehicle that release heat loss.
Therefore, the result obtain in term of voltage can be
generated by the generating system. As a result, this system
has higher efficiency which 12.59% compared to 6% using
proper heat sink using the same module.
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Theme 5: Structure and Materials |
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48
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Flexible piezoelectric micro-power generator based
on P(VDF-TrFE).
Pages 98-99
Khoon Keat Chow, Swee
Leong Kok, Kok-Tee Lau
PDF (565 KB)
Abstract
In this paper, we have successfully demonstrated the
fabrication of poly(vinylidene fluoride)
trifluoroethyleneP(VDF-TrFE) thick films on flexible
substrate using rod mayer method. The flexible piezoelectric
transducer was able to generate a maximum output power of
0.552µWat an external load of 1MΩ with a maximum peak
voltage of 743mV when pinching between two fingers with a
force of 5N.
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49
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Effect of samarium concentration on the structural
and electrical properties of (K, Na) NbO3 thin films.
Pages
100-101
Nurul Azuwa Azmi, Umar
Al-Amani Azlan, Mohd Asyadi ‘Azam Mohd Abid, Mohd Warikh Abd
Rashid, Maziati Akmal Mohd Hatta
PDF (345 KB)
Abstract
Potassium sodium niobate have been chosen as a new candidate
to replace the usage of lead-based materials due to its
excellent properties. However, volatilities of K and Na can
affect the electrical properties. This problem can be
minimized by adding a doping element into A-site ions which
is Samarium. A simple sol-gel route was used to produce the
thin films with different dopant concentrations. In this
work, the structural and electrical properties were
determined by using XRD and LCR meter, respectively. It was
found that the structure of KNN had a tendency to change
from orthorhombic to tetragonal phase, thus resulting in
better electrical properties of the KNN thin films.
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50
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Failure analysis of two serial holes bolted joint
hybrid composite.
Pages
102-103
D. Sivakumar, N.S. Salmi, M.Z.
Selamat, M.A. Daud, C.F. Tan
PDF (450 KB)
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of different geometry
parameters to the behavior of bolted-joint hybrid
composites. The hot compression method is used to fabricate
the hybrid composite. The composites were fabricated with
three layers of woven fibers which are two layers of woven
glass fiber and a layer of woven kenaf fiber with
polypropylene matrix making a composite panel. The nominal
thickness of these composites is 3mm and the bearing test is
done by using Universal Testing Machine. The test were
conducted according to ASTM D5961. The results show the
different geometry parameters affect the behavior of hybrid
composites.
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51
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Failure analysis on hybrid
fiber reinforced plastics for bolted joint under geometric
parameters effect.
Pages 104-105
D. Sivakumar , R.M. Chew, M.Z.
Selamat, M.A. Daud, C.F. Tan
PDF (396 KB)
Abstract
In this study, glass fiber and kenaf reinforced
thermoplastic hybrid composite were fabricated using
compression method. The composite is layout in sandwich
structure. Woven glass fiber is sandwiched in between woven
kenaf fiber with polypropylene matrix. The nominal
thickness of the composite is 3mm. Bolted joint test was
conducted according to ASTM D5961 using Universal testing
machine. The results confirm geometric parameters affect the
failure mode.
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52
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Thermoplastic matrix
selection based on entropy method for importance weight of
criteria.
Pages 106-107
N.M. Ishak, D. Sivakumar, M.R.
Mansor
PDF (354 KB)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the importance
weight of criteria for thermoplastic matrix selection that
need to be considered in fibre metal laminate fabrication
for car front hood using entropy method, where the
information implied using the linguistic terms. The results
showed that the tensile strength, impact strength and
density are the essential criteria that need to be
considered.
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53
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Surface durability of oil
palm fiber/epoxy composite at various temperatures.
Pages 108-109
F.F. Shuhimi, M.F.B. Abdollah,
M.A. Kalam, H.H. Masjuki, A. Mustafa, H. Amiruddin
PDF (578 KB)
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the surface durability
of Oil Palm Fiber/Epoxy (OPF/E) composite at different
temperatures. The tribological test was carried out by using
a pin-on-disc tribometer in dry sliding conditions. Surface
durability was determined by the value of specific wear rate
with respect to the temperature. The surface morphology was
observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found
that 30 wt.% have high surface durability compared to 50
wt.% and 70 wt.% which can withstand at a maximum of 80oC
before transition to severe wear occur.
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54
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Estimation of corrugated cardboard strength using
tensile test.
Pages 110-111
N.B. Ab Wahab, Ainul
Arafah, Y. Fukuzawa, S. Nagasawa
PDF (633 KB)
Abstract
The corrugated cardboard is widely used in manufacturing
industries as a packaging, transportation material and
number of other applications. However, the strength of the
corrugated cardboard as a structure is not well understood.
The objective of this study is to propose and estimate the
strength of corrugated cardboard using tensile test. As a
result, new practical tensile test considering the glue
bonding strength was proposed and the factory of these test
method was investigated.
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55
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Influence of size particles of SLS glass on
properties of sintered SBE reinforced glass waste composite.
Pages 112-113
Z. Shamsudin, N. Salleh, Z. Mustafa, M.A.A. Bakar, R. Hasan
PDF (495 KB)
Abstract
The properties of sintered glass waste composite was
investigated with two varying size particles of glass waste
(SLS) at different loading of spent bleach earth (SBE). The
composites were exposed to single step heat treatments in
order to produce glass-ceramics condition. This study is
focused on physical testing to measure the physical
properties combined with microstructural analysis of thev
cross section surface using scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). ASTM C373-88 analysis was used to assess the
variability in density, porosity and water absorption. The
results showed that finer size particles in all composition
contributed better in physical properties. These properties
slightly decreased linearly with increasing SBE loading for
both particles sizes and was significantly reduced in 40% of
SBE. Microstructure analysis indicated that the present of
pores within the glass waste composite was dominated by
agglomeration.
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56
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Comparative study of polypropylene composites
reinforced with pineapple leaf fiber from Josapine and
Sarawak cultivar.
Pages 114-116
M.Z.
Selamat, A.N. Kasim, M.A.M. Daud, M.Y. Yaakob, A. Putra, D.
Sivakumar
PDF (311 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents the comparison of mechanical properties
of two difference cultivar pineapple leaf fiber (PLF)
(Josapine/PLFJ and Sarawak/PLFS) reinforced polypropylene
(PP) (copopolymer/PPC and homopolymer/PPH) composite as a
function of fiber loading. The samples of PLFJ/PPC and
PLFS/PPH composites were fabricated with 30, 40, 50, 60 and
70 wt.% PLF loading with 100 mm fiber length. The
fabrication was made by compression molding techniques. The
results revealed that composites utilizing PLFJ/PPC shows
superior tensile properties as compared to the PLFS/PPH.
However, there are no significant disparities observed in
the density and hardness of both composites.
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57
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Failure analysis on domestic
pipeline.
Pages 117-118
N. Adzme, N.H. Razak, N.S.
Muhammad
PDF (516 KB)
Abstract
Today, structural health monitoring is a major concern in
the engineering community. Multisite fatigue damage, hidden
cracks and corrosion in hard-to-reach locations are among
the major flaws encountered in today’s extensive diagnosis.
In this research, the understanding of non-destructive
testing (NDT), thermographic analysis was applied to locate
defect as complementary analysis towards the failure
analysis of a defect pipe through SEM technique an analysis
on specimen morphology and topography.
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58
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Variations in diameter of
struts for micro-lattice structure manufactured using
selective laser melting.
Pages 119-120
R. Hasan, R.A.W. Mines
PDF (578 KB)
Abstract
This paper highlights the dimension of diameter for titanium
alloy Ti-6Al-4V micro-lattice structure material with
body-centered-cubic (BCC) struts’ arrangement, manufactured
using additive layer technology, which is selective laser
melting (SLM). Direct measurements and simple count analysis
were done on the material. Variations in diameters were
averaged and the value was compared to that obtained from
other formulations. The result shows that there are
variations in struts’ diameters of micro-lattice structure
manufactured using SLM, which can affect the material’s
performance under load bearing capacity. The finding can be
useful to the developments of both micro-lattice structure
and additive layer technology researches.
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59
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Tensile performance of palm
oil fiber metal laminate.
Pages 121-122
F. Hussain, D. Sivakumar, M.A.
Daud, M.Z. Selamat
PDF (212 KB)
Abstract
The effects of palm oil fiber
loading on tensile behavior on polypropylene based Palm Oil
Fiber Metal Laminate (POFML) was investigates. The testing
was conducted on Universal Testing Machine according to ASTM
D3039. This type of hybrid materials was fabricated by hand
lay-up technique using 2/1configuration where the composite
layer is located between two aluminum with 10wt%, 20wt%, and
30wt% and 40wt% fiber content. The results showed the
tensile strength increased when fiber loading increase.
However, POFML with 20% fiber loading showed a higher
modulus of tensile property. The tensile behavior in this
study mainly depends on fiber loading.
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60
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The effect of fiber length on
the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf (PALF) fiber
reinforced PLA biocomposites.
Pages 123-124
S.H. Sheikh Md. Fadzullah, Z.
Mustafa, S.N.R. Ramli
PDF (409 KB)
Abstract
This research work
investigates the effect of fiber length on the mechanical
performance of the pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced
poly lactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Two types of composite
systems are considered, these being the short (fiber length
of 30 mm) and continuous long pineapple leaf fiber (fiber
length greater than 100 mm) reinforced composites. The
corresponding fabrication routes are melt-mixing and
compression molding via film stacking, respectively. The
test samples with nominal thickness of 3 mm were cut to size
and subjected to flexural testing via three-point bending
set-up, as per ASTM D790. As expected, the continuous long
pineapple leaf fiber reinforced composites exhibit greater
flexural strength and modulus, with flexural strength and
modulus being 30% and 45% than those of the short fiber
reinforced composites. These preliminary findings reveal the
effect of fiber length on the overall performance of the
composites studied.
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61
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Kinetic study of boron diffusion in powder-pack
boronizing.
Pages 125-126
N.H. Omar, R. Hasan, N.A.B. Masripan
PDF (708 KB)
Abstract
In this study, boronized properties of AISI 304 ball bearing
was investigated using powder-pack boronizing method. The
experiment was carried out in temperature range from 850 to
950 0C with durations 2 – 4 hours. Microstructure of boride
layer revealed a smooth surface using SEM micrograph
analysis. The thickness of boride layer varied from 17-140
µm while the hardness varied between 470-900 HV. The growth
of kinetic rates were plotted using Arrhenius equation and
the activation energy measured from the graphical
calculation is 126 kJ/mol. From this study, a new knowledge
on diffusion of boron atoms on spherical surface is
established.
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62
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Characterization of
nanocarbon particles using nitrogen adsorption analysis:
Isotherm, pore type, pore size and BET surface area.
Pages 127-128
S. Zainal Abidin, I.S.
Mohamad, A.Y. Bani Hashim, N. Abdullah, A. Abdullah
PDF (457 KB)
Abstract
In this research, the characterization of the porous
material which is nanocarbon was investigated using nitrogen
adsorption technique. The porosity existence of nanocarbon
is analysed by using BET method. Then, the surface area is
measured from diameter and depth of the existed pores. The
BET surface area obtained shows that MWCNT-OH has the
largest surface area due to high distribution of micropores
and existence of non-porous pore in the sample.
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63
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Fabrication of polymer lattice structure using
additive manufacturing for lightweight material.
Pages 129-130
R. Hasan, M.K. Baharudin, M.M.
Nasarud’din, M.R. Alkahari
PDF (514 KB)
Abstract
This paper reports on the development of polymer lattice
structure as lightweight material manufactured using
additive manufacturing technology, which is 3D printer.
Models of 3D body-centered-cubic (BCC) lattice structure
were developed using SolidWorks software for several
geometries that match with the capability of CubePro 3D
printer. Polymer lattice structure block with dimension
20x20x20 mm3 has been successfully fabricated. The dimension
of a unit cell for the lattice structure is within the range
of 10-3 meter. The realization of the polymer lattice
structure using the 3D printer can contribute to further
research in lightweight material with high load-bearing
capacity.
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64
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Mechanical performance of pineapple leaf fiber
reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) biocomposites.
Pages 131-132
S.N.R. Ramli, S.H.S.M.
Fadzullah, Z. Mustafa
PDF (471 KB)
Abstract
Poly lactic acid is a biopolymer that is easily processable
and offers goods aesthetics. Biocomposites is prepared by
combining poly lactic acid and pineapple leaf fibres (PALF).
The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical
performance of the biocomposites when the fibers are surface
treated with alkaline solution (NaOH) prior to fabrication.
The fiber length and loading for the composites are 30 mm
and 30 wt. %, respectively. The composites were fabricated
using a melt mixing process via a ThermoHaake machine before
compression molded to produce composite plates with nominal
thickness of 3 mm. At preliminary stage, a flexural testing
as per ASTMD790 was carried out. As expected, the
alkaline-treated composites exhibit much greater flexural
strength and modulus in comparison to those of the untreated
samples.
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65
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The effect of coconut fiber towards impact
characteristics.
Pages 133-134
A.R.B.A. Fizal, M.A.
Shamsudin, M.I.H.C. Abdullah
PDF (358 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to
analyze the effect of the coconut fibre composition upon the
energy and resilience characteristic. A series of four
samples with composition of 15, 30, 45 and 60 vol.% of
coconut fiber was prepared by mixing together with polyester
resin and were tested using pendulum impact test machine.
The energy and resilience were measured according to ASTM
D-6110. The sample with 60 vol.% coconut fibre displayed the
highest value of energy and resilience. This is due to the
proper strength distribution by the fibre matrix. On top of
that the coconut fibre itself behaved as a significant
adhesion between the matrix and composite. As a conclusion,
the higher composition of coconut fibre added to the
composite resulted in better impact characteristic.
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66
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Effect of sintering on the
physical properties of porous β-TCP scaffolds.
Pages 135-136
N.F. Ishak, Z. Mustafa, R. Othman, S.H. Sheikh Md.
Fadzullah, A.R. Mahamad Sahab
PDF (920 KB)
Abstract
This research work investigates the effect of sintering
temperatures on the physical properties of porous
beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds produced via a
template method. A polyurethane (PU) foam was immersed in
β-TCP slurry by using a roller infiltration method. The
impregnated foam was subsequently sintered to
1400oC, 1450oC and 1500oC.
The sintered scaffolds were then characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for
evaluation of crystalline phases as well as pore and surface
morphology. An increase in sintering temperature reveal an
increase in crystallinity as well as the lessening of pores
and voids in the struts of the scaffold as a result of
progressive sintering.
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67
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Optimization of compression
moulding parameters for multi filler polymer composite using
Taguchi method.
Pages 137-138
N.A. Jamil, M.Z. Selamat, R. Hasan, J. Sahari, M.A.M.
Daud, M.M. Tahir
PDF (298 KB)
Abstract
The
purpose of this study is to determine the compression
moulding parameters on Graphite (G) / Carbon Black (CB) /
Carbon Fiber (CF) / Polypropylene (PP) composites through
Taguchi method.
L9 Orthogonal Array with four factors and three
levels has been choose as a DOE
for composition of G/CB/CF/PP with weight percentage of
50/25/5/20. The electrical conductivity value was analysed
through Taguchi Method using signal to noise (S/N) ratio to
determine the optimum parameters. This result is important
to fabricate the potential G/CB/CF/PP composites as
conductive polymer composite (CPC), and also very useful for
further application as bipolar plate (BP) for PEMFC.
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68
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Experimental investigation on empty aluminium
honeycomb under quasi-static lateral compression.
Pages 139-140
A.J. Chuli, M.R. Said
PDF (339 KB)
Abstract
In the span of last decades, honeycomb structures gained
more attention in the field of energy absorption. The
honeycomb structures especially made of aluminium has been
investigated experimentally, analytically and through
simulation in order to study their behavior. In this paper,
the honeycomb had undergone a lateral compression. It is
found that the honeycomb compressed in x1 direction produced
higher collapse load value, mean crushing value and energy
absorption value compared to the honeycomb compressed in x2
direction. .
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69
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Study of wheel rim impact test using finite element
analysis.
Pages 141-142
H.B. Zainuddin, M.B. Ali
PDF (592 KB)
Abstract
This study measures the impact energy absorbed experienced
by the wheel rim under dynamic loading. Computational
simulation is time saving, and in contrast the wheel impact
experiments involve high cost including the manpower. Alloy
wheel is widely used due to its excellent performance and
appearance. Wheel rim is modelled using CATIA and imported
to ABAQUS for further finite element analysis. Yield
strength affects the energy absorbing capacity of a
material. Aluminium 6061-T1 is found to have the greatest
energy absorption value compared to the other materials.
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70
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Characterization of grayscale of the MRI Images for
articular cartilage.
Pages 143-144
W.S. Yew, M.J. Abd. Latif,
N.H. Mohd.Saad
PDF
(169 KB)
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive potential
imaging method to diagnose the cartilage disorder.
Degeneration of the articular cartilage has been recognized
as the main cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Normally OA
refers to the end-stage which is already incurable.
Therefore, in this study, a non-invasive method is develop
to characterize the grayscale of the MRI images for
articular cartilage. To test this, bovine’s humeral head
cartilage samples (n=7) were selected as models. The primary
findings from the results indicated that there was a
significant difference in grayscale intensity of the MRI
images on the articular cartilage. This could indicate that
the composition in the articular cartilage could affect the
grayscale of the articular cartilage. This results give a
new perspective into the properties of the tissue.
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71
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Determination of dimple distribution for laser
texturing process on cast iron surface.
Pages 145-146
N.A.M. Lazim, R. Hasan, S.E.M.
Kamal
PDF (582 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the uniformity
distribution of the micro dimples to be textured on cast
iron surface by using laser surface texturing method.
Distribution of dimples on the surface is important in
reducing wear debris amount. Imaginary grid of dimple cell
was calculated and certain distance between dimples was
determined in order to be located on the surface of cast
iron. A uniform dimple’s distribution was calculated on the
sample surfaces before textured by laser treatment method.
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72
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The effect of PCB surface
roughness on the reliability of the SAC405 lead free solder.
Pages 147-148
R.M. Dan, A.H.A. Hamid, J.
Mclaren, N.I. Zulkafli, R.K. Mazlan
PDF (339 KB)
Abstract
The focus of this research is to investigate the surface
roughness on the reliability of lead free SAC405 solder
material. Surface roughness influences reliability where
high reliability improves the bonds of the solder and the
substrate. In this study, aluminium and copper substrate is
used with 4 different types of surface roughness. Hardness
testing is performed using nanoindenter on each of the
substrate where the hardness is in increment with the
surface roughness. It is discovered that the increase in
surface roughness causes increase in wettability and
formation of intermetallic compound thus increases the
reliability of the solder.
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73
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Corrosion analysis of the cold work 316L stainless
steel in simulated body fluids
Pages 149-150
W.M.F.W. Mohamad, M.Z. Selamat,
B. Bundjali, M. Musa, H.M. Dom
PDF (458 KB)
Abstract
The present paper deals with the characteristic of the
corrosion failure of the cold work 316L stainless steel in
the simulated body fluids. The steel has been cold rolled
within the range of 10 to 50% reduction in thickness. The
corrosion test was done for 7 days at a temperature of 37oC
by immersing the steel in a 0.9% NaCl and phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) solution. It was found that the steel with a
higher cold reduction tend to increase the corrosion
resistance of more than 50% in both simulated environment.
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74
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Effect of agitation mechanism on the anodization
process of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays.
Pages 151-152
K.A. Khairul, S. Ismail
PDF (360 KB)
Abstract
Titanium dioxide, TiO2
nanotubes were fabricated by anodization process of pure
titanium substrate in ethylene glycol containing fluoride.
The anodization process has been conducted with 2 different
agitation mechanisms which are magnetic stirring, and air
bubble. The morphology and the structure of the as-anodized
TiO2 was determined using field emission scanning
electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy.
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68
|
Experimental investigation on empty aluminium
honeycomb under quasi-static lateral compression.
Pages 139-140
A.J. Chuli, M.R. Said
PDF (339 KB)
Abstract
In the span of last decades, honeycomb structures gained
more attention in the field of energy absorption. The
honeycomb structures especially made of aluminium has been
investigated experimentally, analytically and through
simulation in order to study their behavior. In this paper,
the honeycomb had undergone a lateral compression. It is
found that the honeycomb compressed in x1 direction produced
higher collapse load value, mean crushing value and energy
absorption value compared to the honeycomb compressed in x2
direction.
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69
|
Study of wheel rim impact test using finite element
analysis.
Pages 141-142
H.B. Zainuddin, M.B. Ali
PDF (750 KB)
Abstract
This study measures the impact energy absorbed experienced
by the wheel rim under dynamic loading. Computational
simulation is time saving, and in contrast the wheel impact
experiments involve high cost including the manpower. Alloy
wheel is widely used due to its excellent performance and
appearance. Wheel rim is modelled using CATIA and imported
to ABAQUS for further finite element analysis. Yield
strength affects the energy absorbing capacity of a
material. Aluminium 6061-T1 is found to have the greatest
energy absorption value compared to the other materials.
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70
|
Characterization of grayscale of the MRI Images for
articular cartilage.
Pages 143-144
W.S. Yew, M.J. Abd. Latif,
N.H. Mohd.Saad
PDF
(169 KB)
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive potential
imaging method to diagnose the cartilage disorder.
Degeneration of the articular cartilage has been recognized
as the main cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Normally OA
refers to the end-stage which is already incurable.
Therefore, in this study, a non-invasive method is develop
to characterize the grayscale of the MRI images for
articular cartilage. To test this, bovine’s humeral head
cartilage samples (n=7) were selected as models. The primary
findings from the results indicated that there was a
significant difference in grayscale intensity of the MRI
images on the articular cartilage. This could indicate that
the composition in the articular cartilage could affect the
grayscale of the articular cartilage. This results give a
new perspective into the properties of the tissue.
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71
|
Determination of dimple distribution for laser
texturing process on cast iron surface.
Pages 145-146
N.A.M. Lazim, R. Hasan, S.E.M.
Kamal
PDF (642 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the uniformity
distribution of the micro dimples to be textured on cast
iron surface by using laser surface texturing method.
Distribution of dimples on the surface is important in
reducing wear debris amount. Imaginary grid of dimple cell
was calculated and certain distance between dimples was
determined in order to be located on the surface of cast
iron. A uniform dimple’s distribution was calculated on the
sample surfaces before textured by laser treatment method.
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72
|
The effect of PCB surface
roughness on the reliability of the SAC405 lead free solder.
Pages 147-148
R.M. Dan, A.H.A. Hamid, J.
Mclaren, N.I. Zulkafli, R.K. Mazlan
PDF (339 KB)
Abstract
The focus of this research is to investigate the surface
roughness on the reliability of lead free SAC405 solder
material. Surface roughness influences reliability where
high reliability improves the bonds of the solder and the
substrate. In this study, aluminium and copper substrate is
used with 4 different types of surface roughness. Hardness
testing is performed using nanoindenter on each of the
substrate where the hardness is in increment with the
surface roughness. It is discovered that the increase in
surface roughness causes increase in wettability and
formation of intermetallic compound thus increases the
reliability of the solder.
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|
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73
|
Corrosion analysis of the cold work 316L stainless
steel in simulated body fluids.
Pages 149-150
W.M.F.W. Mohamad, M.Z. Selamat,
B. Bundjali, M. Musa, H.M. Dom
PDF (458 KB)
Abstract
The present paper deals with the characteristic of the
corrosion failure of the cold work 316L stainless steel in
the simulated body fluids. The steel has been cold rolled
within the range of 10 to 50% reduction in thickness. The
corrosion test was done for 7 days at a temperature of 37oC
by immersing the steel in a 0.9% NaCl and phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) solution. It was found that the steel with a
higher cold reduction tend to increase the corrosion
resistance of more than 50% in both simulated environment.
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74
|
Effect of agitation mechanism on the anodization
process of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays.
Pages 151-152
K.A. Khairul, S. Ismail
PDF (360 KB)
Abstract
Titanium dioxide, TiO2
nanotubes were fabricated by anodization process of pure
titanium substrate in ethylene glycol containing fluoride.
The anodization process has been conducted with 2 different
agitation mechanisms which are magnetic stirring, and air
bubble. The morphology and the structure of the as-anodized
TiO2 was determined using field emission scanning
electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy.
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75
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Experimental investigation of buckling behavior of
cracked cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression.
Pages 153-154
O. Ifayefunmi, Norehan Kasiman,
Hazrin Ibrahim Khan
PDF (187 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this experimental research work is to investigate
the effect of axial crack length on the buckling behavior of
cracked cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression
loading. The crack on the cylindrical structures is assumed
to be a percentage of the axial length of the cylindrical
shell structure. The magnitude of the crack
length-to-cylinder axial length is varied between 0.05 and
0.15. Cylindrical specimens are made from mild steel with
radius-to-thickness ratio, ranging from 25 to 100. The axial
length of the specimens was assumed to be constant. Results
indicate that the crack length strongly affect the buckling
behavior of the axially compressed cylinder. Also, it was
revealed that the buckling load of the cylindrical specimens
with high value of radius-to-thickness ratio is more
sensitive to the effect of change in crack as compared to
cylinder with low value of radius-to-thickness ratio.
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76
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The influence of boundary
condition on the deformed shape of axially compressed cones.
Pages 155-156
O. Ifayefunmi, K.L. Chang
PDF (362 KB)
Abstract
The aim of this research work is to investigate the
influence of boundary condition on the buckling load and
deformed shape of axially compressed cone. Two boundary
conditions are considered, they are: (i) fully clamped at
the bottom and allowed to move in the axial direction at the
top ends, and (ii) allow all displacement movement except
axial direction at the bottom and restrict all movement at
the top except axial direction. Cones were relatively thick
with nominal wall thickness of 2 mm and the semi-vertex
angle,
b
is 15°,
hence their buckling behavior remains within the
elastic-plastic range. The geometry of radius of bigger
radius, r2, to radius of smaller radius, r1,
(r2/r1 = 1.75), and the ratio of
radius-to-thickness (r2/t) was taken as 35.
Results indicate that the change of boundary condition has a
strong influence on both the buckling load and the deformed
shape.
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77
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Effect of polypropylene type on G/CB/CNTs/PP
composites properties as bipolar plate for PEM fuel cell.
Pages 157-158
A. Bairan, M.Z. Selamat, S.N.
Sahadan, S.D. Malingam, N. Mohamad
PDF
(144 KB)
Abstract
Investigation of the conductive polymer composites (CPCs)
have been carried out using Graphite (G), Carbon Black (CB),
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Polypropylene (PP) as a binder.
While, two types of PP which are medium density (MD-PP) and
low density (LD-PP) were mixed with multi filler by using a
ball mill. The comparison of PP with respect to the
resulting electrical conductivity and mechanical properties
were investigated. Results indicate that CNTs was dispersed
better in MD-PP than LD-PP would cause better electrical
conductivity and mechanical properties of G/CB/CNTs/PP
composite bipolar plate which are exceeded of the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) requirement.
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78
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Effect of molding temperature
on properties of graphite/stannum/polypropylene composites.
Pages 159-160
F. Masron, M.Z. Selamat, M.M.
Tahir, M.A.M. Daud, J. Sahari
PDF (315 KB)
Abstract
The great efforts have been made over the past decades in
developing the advance PEMFC technology especially for
bipolar plate sector. Unfortunately, factors such as
durability and cost of bipolar still remain as the major
barrier to commercialization of high efficiency Polymer
Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. In this study, Graphite/Stannum/Polypropylene
composite has been fabricated by compression molding process
with several different temperatures (170 to 1800 C), several weight percentage of
Stannum (10 to 20 wt%) and have be tested with
several mechanical and electrical tests. The result shows
that the temperature of 175 0C with 15 wt% of
Stannum give the best properties.
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79
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Analysis of impact duration
from Charpy impact signal.
Pages 161-162
N.B. Muhammad Said, M.B. Ali
PDF (552 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents the reviews on impact duration from
impact signal due to Charpy test. Charpy impact test is
conducted at different material with different thickness but
at the same of striker velocity. Impact signal is obtained
from strain gauge that has been installed to striker and
connected to high frequency data acquisition system. The
signal is then analyzed by using software of SoMat eDaQ to
identify the time period during impact occurs on materials
before fractured. The impact duration from experiment is
correlated and compared to the theory or previous study.
The result from experiment indicates that Aluminium 6061-T6
has higher impact duration compared to Carbon steel 1050 and
it was increased with thickness.
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80
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Cure characteristics and tensile properties of
natural rubber vulcanizates modified by tapioca starch.
Pages 163-164
M. Mazliah, N. Mohamad, A.R.
Jeefferie, A.M. Hairul Effendy
PDF (431 KB)
Abstract
This study focusing on cure characteristics as well as
tensile properties of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates
modified with tapioca starch as biodegradability agent. The
samples were prepared by melt compounding via a Haake
internal mixer. The tapioca starch was varied from 0, 5, 10,
20, 40, and 60 phr in the formulation. Increasing tapioca
starch loading was observed to accelerate the curing process
meanwhile increases the crosslinks density which depicted by
MH-ML
value. Furthermore, the additional of tapioca starch up to
20 phr increased the elongation of break of the vulcanizate.
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81
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A preliminary study of greyscale intensity and
deposited electrospun fibres using image analysis technique
.
Pages 165-166
F.C. Long, A.H. Nurfaizey,
M.A.M. Daud
PDF (305 KB)
Abstract
The amount of deposited electrospun fibres is difficult to
measure due to their extremely small size and mass. In this
study, a new method using image analysis technique to
predict the amount of deposited fibres is proposed. It is
hypothesized that the amount of deposited fibres can be
predicted by measuring the greyscale intensity of a sample.
Samples were produced and scanned to 8-bit greyscale images
and ImageJ software was used to analyze the samples.
Preliminary results showed that the greyscale intensities
has the potential to be used for measuring the amount of
deposited electrospun fibres.
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Theme 6: Thermal and Fluids |
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82
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Effect of load on friction
and wear of banana peel as an additive.
Pages
167-168
J. Basiron, N.A.B.
Masripan, M.F.B. Abdollah, A.H. Husna
PDF (207 KB)
Abstract
Banana peel is a natural additive which can be used as an
additive in the engine oil that can be promotes as a
sustainable material development via the usage of renewable
resource. In this paper, the preliminary study on the
friction and wear of banana peel was mixed into paraffin oil
carried out using four ball tester at different load and
temperature. Ultrasonic homogenizer was used to mix the
banana peel in paraffin oil. Wear scar diameter was measured
using inverted microscope. As a yield, the addition of
banana peel into paraffin oil has reduced the friction but
also increases the wear at different load and temperature.
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83
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Friction and wear characteristic of different
natural oil-based lubricants with carbon nanotubes as
additive.
Pages
169-170
K.F. Yong, B.T. Tee, M.F.B.
Abdollah, I.S. Mohamad, C.T. Chong
PDF (251 KB)
Abstract
The advantages of natural oil-based lubricant are
sustainability and eco-friendly. It is important to study
their tribology properties as alternative mineral oils as
lubricant. This work investigates the prospects of natural
oil-based lubricant for automotive applications in contrast
to the available conventional lubricant. The experiment is
conducted to obtain the friction and wear characteristics by
using four-ball tester set-up. The natural oil-based
lubricants involved in this study are refined glycerin and
oleic methyl ester with CNT as additive. The results of
friction and wear scar diameter for both types of lubricant
were shown and compared in this work. From the experiment,
refined glycerin with 1% CNT is found to have better
friction reduction compared with refined glycerin.
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84
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Effect of duration time of homogenization and
sonication on stability of MWCNT-OH in ethylene glycol and
deionized water.
Pages
171-172
A. Abdullah, I.S. Mohamad,
A.Y. Bani Hashim, N. Abdullah, S. Zainal Abidin
PDF (300 KB)
Abstract
The limitation of thermal properties in the conventional
fluid like ethylene glycol and deionized water can be
improved by adding carbon nanotube (CNT) in the solution.
However, the dispersion and stability of nanofluid is still
a major concerned since CNT is hydrophobic. In this
research, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube
(MWCNT-OH) were used to formulate a nanofluid with
additional of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersing agent
and ethylene glycol and deionized water as base fluid. In
order to inspect the optimum duration time for ultrasonic
homogenizing process which can lead the nanofluid to
achieved highest stability, the mixture were inspected at
five series of time (1, 3, 5, 10 and 15) minutes. The
results show at one minute of synthetisation process of
nanofluid already give the stability of t nanofluid.
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85
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Thermal conductivity
enhancement of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube
and carbon nanofiber based nano-coolant.
Pages 173-174
N.S.N. Abdul Manap, S.S. Mohd
Yunus, I.S. Mohamad, M.H. Mohd Husin
PDF (324 KB)
Abstract
Small size and ability to govern high thermal conductivity
are the main factor why nanoparticles based coolant has
becoming preferable coolant. On this paper, two types of
nanocarbon particles were used as a basic material in
deionized water named functionalized multiwalled carbon
nanotube based nano-coolant (NC1) and carbon nanofiber based
nano-coolant (NC2). The weight ratio of the nanocarbon
particles is 0.1 wt%, 0.2wt% and 0.3wt% being mixed with
deionized water and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Next,
thermal conductivity of NC1, NC2 and standard deionized
water (as a reference) was investigated at temperature
ranging from 6°C to 40°C. The results show that the thermal
conductivity value
of NC1 and NC2 are slightly higher than the standard
deionized water and
increased against the increment of temperature. It also
revealed that NC2 with 0.3wt% of CNF at temperature 40°C
gives the highest thermal conductivity with a value of 0.661
W/m.K.
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86
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Comparison for humidity
absorption using various silica gel in experimental chamber.
Pages 175-176
A.A.M. Damanhuri, Q.F. Zahmani,
A. Ibrahim, S.N. Mokhtar, S.N. Sulaiman, M.R.A. Majid
PDF (288 KB)
Abstract
Air conditioning are used to absorb humidity. Improper
humidity control could affect mold and bacteria growth
inside the building. This experiment compare 4 types of
desiccant silica which white/ non indicating silica gel,
blue indicating silica gel, orange indicating silica gel and
calcium chloride. Two sealed experimental chamber (0.125m3) were used which
connected by pipeline. Silica gel are located inside the
connection pipelines and result comparison were measured on
how effective these silica gel to absorb and reduce humid
air by using humidity sensor. Calcium chloride significantly
shows the most effective silica gel in absorption of
humidity compare to other three types. However, at certain
saturated content, solid silica gel of calcium chloride will
transform to liquid form. Further investigation are needed
to study effectiveness of silica gel for application in real
environment either in cases of performance and safety
consideration.
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87
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Preparation and
characterization of form-stabilized paraffin/polycaprolactone
(PCL) composites as phase change materials.
Pages 177-178
M.S. Aludin, S. Saidatul Akmal,
Y. Rosiyah
PDF (173 KB)
Abstract
Paraffinic Phase Change Materials (PCM) possess desirable
properties to make it suitable for thermal energy storage
applications. However, paraffin has been reported to leak
out during the melting process. In this study, composites
were prepared by dissolving paraffin and polycaprolactone
(PCL) at varied mass compositions in chloroform and then
purified through precipitation techniques. The leakage test
was conducted by placing the composite samples on a set of
four-layer filter papers and left in a furnace at 90°C for 1
hour. By incorporating PCL into paraffin phase, the leakage
percentage was drastically reduced. The PCL polymer matrix
in the composites may have trapped the paraffin molecules
during melting process thus prevent it from leaking.
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88
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Investigation of surface breakdown on various solid
insulation immersed in ester and mineral oils under ac
stress.
Pages 179-180
H. Zainuddin, S.N. Norhan,
N.A. Othman
PDF (322 KB)
Abstract
Liquid-solid interface is common in high voltage (HV)
insulation system. Creepage discharge is a phenomenon that
usually occurs along the liquid-solid interface that may
cause damage to the surface of solid insulation. This paper
presents the effect of various types of solid insulation
immersed in liquid insulation on the surface breakdown under
AC voltage. In this study, surface discharge experiments
were conducted on Eproxy Resin G10, Low Density Polyethylene
(LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Bakelite
immersed in Palm Fatty Acid Ester Oil (PFAE) and Mineral
oil. Needle-bar method was chosen for the electrode
configuration. The results suggest that permittivity
mismatch between liquid and solid insulation is an
influential factors in creepage discharge among similar
materials with different density.
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89
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Turbulence kinetic energy
analysis of a single cylinder engine.
Pages 181-182
A.M.T. Khairil, M.T. Musthafah,
M.A. Salim, M.R. Mansor, M.Z. Akop, A.M. Saad, A.M. Mohd
Shafei
PDF (282 KB)
Abstract
In the paper show the study of time dependent and turbulence
flow inside a cylinder of an alternative engine through the
simulation investigation of the distribution of the
turbulence kinetic energy in whole chamber. This
investigation is carried out during at intake valve. CFD is
used to predict the flow behavior in the single cylinder
engine. Turbulence model of the inlet air in cylinder has
bigger effect into the performance of the engine. Therefore,
contours of Turbulence Kinetic Energy are presented to
support results. From the results, it is found that the
lower valve lifts had better turbulence kinetic energy
value.
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90
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Friction curve analysis of
steel lubricated with jatropha oil.
Pages 183-184
A.M.H.S. Lubis, M.B. Sudin, B.
Ariwahjoedi
PDF (212 KB)
Abstract
Sliding friction has played a role in many mechanical
components such as engines, clutch & brakes, bearings
etc.Metal-to-metal contact in sliding motion could results
in friction and wear to the metal surfaces. In order to
avoid high friction, lubricants are commonly applied to the
contacting surface. Although still need to be explored,
explanation related to friction process via friction curve
is seems to be forgotten. Analysis on the friction curve
over the sliding time or sliding distance is important to
understand any events during sliding friction. This work is
subjected to analyze friction curve of steel lubricated with
jatropha oil obtained from four ball-test and propose a
sliding friction mechanism under this condition. The
friction curve was obtained by four ball testing method
under ASTM 4172 method. It is concluded that several
friction transition taken place during the sliding friction
can be related to the process occurs between the contact
asperities.
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91
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Simulation on comparison of
pressure medium in hydraulic hybrid system.
Pages 185-187
Saiful Akmal Sabaruddin, Ahmad
Anas Yusof, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun
PDF (515 KB)
Abstract
Natural concerns of fire and safety in hydraulic system
promote the uses of water-based hydraulic hybrid system. The
main focus of this paper is to simulate the potential of
using water hydraulic technology in hydraulic hybrid
systems. The research will include an extensive study on the
mathematical modeling and simulation by using Matlab/Simulink
to determine the feasibility of water compared to oil
SAE-30.
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Theme 7: Vibration and Control |
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92
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An experimental study on relation of nonlinearity and
transduction coefficient of an electromagnetic energy
harvester.
Pages 188-189
P.S. Low, R. Ramlan, N.S.
Muhammad
PDF (458 KB)
Abstract
This paper brings about the study of relationship between
the degree of nonlinearity and transduction coefficient of
an electromagnetic energy harvesting device. The device that
exhibit softening nonlinear characteristic is used to
perform dynamic test and the transduction coefficient, K
across the resonance frequency range is obtained through
the relationship of K=Vv where V is the voltage generated
per unit of relative velocity, v . Experimental results show
that the performance of the transduction coefficient
increases as the degree of nonlinearity increases.
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93
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Simulation study of high-rise
structure model on earthquake movement.
Pages 190-191
M.N. Mustaffa Kamal, M.A.
Salim, A. Md Saad, M.R. Mansor, M.Z. Akop, M.T. Musthafah,
I.R.A. Rosszainily
PDF (317 KB)
Abstract
This paper represents a
simulation study of high-rise structure model by exerting
horizontal vibration. Three-level of high-rise structure is
chosen by referring to Ranau earthquake in 2015. Three
analyses were conducted namely stress analysis, strain
analysis, and displacement analysis. These analyses were
selected as important criteria of horizontal vibration
effect on the structure, and finally illustrates the
structural behavior of the model. Maximum concentrated
stress, maximum strain, and extreme displacement have been
recorded. Finally, the conclusion was made, in which all the
important criteria were positively proportional to the
amount of horizontal vibration energy.
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94
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Enhancement on acoustical performance of reed 'Imperata
Cylindrica'.
Pages 192-193
F.A. Khair, A. Putra, M.J.M.
Nor, M.Z. Selamat
PDF (395 KB)
Abstract
Common established work on
finding the alternative sound absorbing materials are mostly
focused on fibrous type of acoustic absorber. Here, the
hollow structure of natural reed is utilized as non-fibrous
acoustic absorber. This paper study on the acoustic
performance of reed when covered with fabric. The sound
absorption coefficient is measured using impedance tube
method. Result shows that covering sample with fabric
enhanced the absorption coefficient above 0.9 for both small
and large diameter of length 2 cm and 3 cm.
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95
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A simulation study on the modal analysis of
perforated plates.
Pages 194-195
A.Y. Ismail, A. Ahmad
PDF (403 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive modal analysis study of
perforated plates with micro and macro size holes as one of
the most important aspects in engineering vibration point of
view. The Finite Element Method (FEM) in SolidWorks
environment is employed to simulate the phenomena and
visually present the results. It is found that the presence
of holes apparently shifts the natural frequency gradually
towards the lower value. As the holes size increases, the
natural frequency is proportionally reduced.
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96
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Nonlinear behavior of a plate with an arbitrarily orientated
crack.
Pages 196-197
R. Ismail, M.P. Cartmell,
N.S.R. Apandi
PDF (436 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents a nonlinear analysis for a thin
isotropic plate containing an arbitrarily orientated surface
crack. The governing equation of motion of the plate model
with enhanced crack modelling and subjected to transverse
harmonic excitation is proposed to represent the vibrational
response of the plate and is based on classical plate theory
into which a developed crack model has been assimilated. An
approximate solution method based on the perturbation method
of multiple scales is applied and the nonlinear behavior of
the cracked plate model is investigated from the
amplitude-frequency equation. It is found that the nonlinear
characteristics of the cracked plate structure can be
greatly affected by the orientation of the crack in the
plate.
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97
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Practical controller for positioning control of X-Y
ballscrew mechanism.
Pages 198-199
W.K. Hee, S.H. Chong, J.E. Foo,
A. Che Amran
PDF (265 KB)
Abstract
This paper describes the evaluation of a practical
controller performance for point-to-point positioning motion
using a X-Y ballscrew mechanism. The proposed controller is
Continuous Motion Nominal Characteristic Trajectory
Following (CM NCTF) controller which is easy to design and
having a simple control structure. The performance of the CM
NCTF controller is compared with the PI-D controller, which
have similar control structure. The experimental result
proved that the CM NCTF controller has better positioning
performance in point-to-point motion.
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98
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Radiation efficiency of single beam-stiffened plate.
Pages
200-201
K.H. Lim, A. Putra, R. Ramlan
PDF (468 KB)
Abstract
Beam-stiffened method had
been used widely in controlling noise problem. However the
effect of this technique has not been fully studied and may
cause undesired results. This paper studies how different
point forces location affect the sound radiation efficiency
from beam-stiffened plate. Hybrid mathematical model which
comprised of a semi-analytical model and FE model is used to
conduct this study. Radiation efficiency by 8 points force
location and average radiation efficiency over 8 points
force location from single beam-stiffened plate are
presented. Besides, range of radiation efficiency variation
using 10 and 90 percentile is also presented.
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99
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Natural coir fiber and kenaf
fiber as multilayer sound absorber.
Pages
202-203
Z.Y. Lim, A. Putra, M.J.M.
Nor, M.Y. Yaakob
PDF (555 KB)
Abstract
This paper studies the sound
absorption performance of multi-layered natural fibers,
particularly coir fiber and kenaf fiber. The effect brought
by different layer arrangement these porous materials are
studied and it is found that under the same thickness, the
low frequency sound absorption is enhanced when kenaf fiber
is layered as the first layer to receive the incidence
sound. With kenaf fiber layered at the second layer, better
absorption performance is seen at high frequency.
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100
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Positioning control of ball
screw mechanism with disturbance observer.
Pages
204-205
J. E. Foo, S.H. Chong, W.K.
Hee, S.L. Loh
PDF (612 KB)
Abstract
In this paper, a disturbance
observer with PD controller (PDDO) is proposed to improve
the positioning performance of the ball screw mechanism that
is subjected to nonlinearities. The tracking performance of
the PDDO controller is examined and compared with a PID
controller experimentally. The PDDO controller displays
better tracking performance than the PID controller.
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101
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PID control of vertical
pneumatic artificial muscle system.
Pages
206-207
M.H. Tan, S.H. Chong, T.F. Tang, A.Z. Shukor
PDF (603 KB)
Abstract
Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) overcome the other common
actuators as it has higher power-to-weight ratio. However,
the air compressibility and lack of damping ability of PAM
brings dynamic delay to the pressure response and causes
oscillatory motion to occur. It is not easy to realize the
motion with high accuracy and high speed due to all the
non-linear characteristics of pneumatic system. A PID
control using Ziegler Nichols method for a PAM system in
vertical axis to control the tracking motion of the PAM is
proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed
control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments.
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102
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Identification of noise in room due to HVAC system.
Pages
208-209
Y.M. Cheah, , A. Putra, R.
Ramlan, N. Muhammad
PDF (482 KB)
Abstract
This paper presents noise measurement and noise mapping for
two lecture rooms. The results reveal that the background
noise level of the empty lecture rooms has exceeded the
recommended limit by ANSI 12.2-2008, i.e. above 35 dB(A) due
to excessive noise radiated from the structure-borne source
coming from the VAV system above the ceiling. Two lecture
rooms at the Kampus Teknologi in Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka were used as the case study.
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103
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Dynamic analysis of laminated rubber-metal spring
using finite element method.
Pages
210-211
S. Norfarizan, A. Putra, M.A.
Salim, R. Ramlan
PDF (262 KB)
Abstract
Laminated rubber-metal spring (LRMS) is widely applied in
buildings, vehicles and to protect sensitive equipments. In
this study, the dynamic performance of such isolator was
analyzed. The dynamic analysis was carried out using finite
element method. Five models of rubber based isolators with
different number of interlayer metal plates was analyzed
using Abaqus 6.10 software. Transmissibility ratio was
determined from the displacement changes of isolators. The
results show the rubber bearing with embedded metal plate
layers can improve the transmissibility ratio at high
frequency.
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104
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Experimental investigation of surface roughness using
ultrasonic assisted machining of hardened steel
Pages
212-213
R. Azlan, R. Izamshah, M.
Hadzley, M.S. Kasim, M. Arfauz, M. Akmal
PDF (472 KB)
Abstract
Machining of hardened mould and die material is a very
challenging process due to the high strength of the
materials. Rough machined surface and premature tool wear
are some of the issues that are related when machining with
this material. On the other hand, ultrasonic assisted
machining (UAM) technique has proven to improve the machined
surface and tool life especially for brittle materials such
as glass and quartz. Based on the capabilities of UAM
technique and to overcome the problem owned by a
conventional milling method, this paper evaluate the UAM
technique for machining hardened AISI D2 material with the
aim to improve the machined surface. Experiments of
ultrasonic assisted milling were conducted to investigate
the surface roughness of machines surface during slot
milling cutting operation. From the conducted investigation,
surface roughness values was improved from 0.60 mm (non
ultrasonic) to 0.26 mm (ultrasonic) at 37 m/min (cutting
speed), 65 mm/min (feed rate) and 0.4 mm (depth of cut). The
results from the macroscopic observation shows that the
machine surface of slot milling cutting by UAM appeared to
be very smooth with consistent scaly and structured.
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105
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Mathematical modeling on sound absorption of oil
palm empty fruit bunch fibers.
Pages
214-215
K.H. Or, A. Putra, M.Z.
Selamat
PDF (226 KB)
Abstract
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) fibers is an agricultural
waste which is available in abundance quantity in Malaysia.
This paper discusses the analytical approach used to
estimate the sound absorption curve of Oil Palm Empty Fruit
Bunch (OPEFB) fibers. Experimental measurement is done by
using impedance tube testing to obtain the sound absorption
coefficient. The results from the experimental works are
validated by comparing with Delany-Bazley model. It is found
that the Delany-Bazley model can be used to predict the
sound absorption coefficient of OPEFB fibers.
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PDF (1383 KB)
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